The way in which synapses, and the receptors and ion channels present therein, function is central to our understanding of a major component of modern Pharmacology and is an extremely active area of basic and applied research. This module will provide an understanding of the signaling within and communication between nerve cells at the synapse (synaptic transmission). It will also explore the identified and potential pharmacological targets at the synapse that may be exploited for fundamental research and clinical goals. The topic range from the consideration of neurotransmitter release and action to the current and potential treatment of diseases precipitated by synaptic dysfunction. As such, aspects of pharmacology will be considered integrally with physiology and other medical sciences.

The module is taught through lectures, workshops and journal clubs

On completion of the module you will be able to :

(1) Describe the components of the neuron pertinent to synaptic transmission.

(2) Understand single synapses and ion channels and appreciate the methodologies employed at the molecular and functional level to address how neurons communicate with one another in the brain.

(3) Understand how drugs target the synapse and identify potential molecular targets for future drug development.

(4) Critically appraise the literature in the field with respect to experimental design and subsequent analysis and interpretation of the data.

Indicative Lecture Topics:

Principles and Ca2+ dependence of synaptic transmission

Functional and molecular approaches to probing synaptic function (2 lectures)

Mechanisms underlying neurotransmitter release

Ca2+ channels and release: Molecular and functional aspects

Modulation of neurotransmitter release: principles and presynaptic signalling (2 lectures)

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: molecular biology, function and drug targeting (2 lectures)

Glutamate receptors: properties and molecular biology

Glutamate receptors: functional properties and pharmacology (2 lectures)

GABA-A receptors: properties and molecular biology

Modulation of GABA-A receptors and GABA-A receptors as drug targets

GABA-A receptors: functional properties

ATP receptor pharmacology

Glycine receptors: structure and function

Modulation of neuronal excitability

Modulatory mechanisms regulating synaptic function

Metabotropic acetylcholine, glutamate and GABA -A receptors (3 lectures)

Neuropathology associated with ion-channels: channelopathies

Glutamate receptors: Synaptic plasticity

Synaptic modulation in learning and memory