This module introduces students to the major theoretical approaches in International Relations (IR). It uses these different theoretical approaches to shed light on conflict and cooperation in world politics, drawing on both historical and current examples. The module aims to link theory and the 'real world' by providing students with different lenses for understanding and explaining questions related to political violence and armed conflicts, nuclear weapons, globalisation, and environmental challenges.

We begin the module by discussing key theoretical approaches through which IR scholars analyse world politics, including Realism, Liberalism, Marxism, Constructivism, and Feminism. These theoretical approaches differ across several dimensions. Some focus on the role of states, while others place more emphasis on non-state actors. Some look at structural features of the international system to understand events and processes, while others emphasise domestic politics and transnational relations. Some argue that states’ actions in the international system are driven by self-interest, while others maintain that norms and ideas shape behaviour.

In discussing the different theoretical approaches, we will reflect on both their strengths and limitations. We will do so by asking how they can help us analyse important empirical issues in world politics. The second half of the module will, therefore, focus on questions such as: Why do states go to war with one another? Why do some states maintain peace within their borders, while others have experienced long-lasting and bloody civil wars? What are the causes and consequences of nuclear proliferation? What is globalisation, and what are its effects? How do state and non-state actors address global environmental challenges?

By the end of the module, you should be familiar with the major theoretical approaches in the field, be able to demonstrate how these theories influence our explanations, be aware of their strengths and limitations, and have some background knowledge of substantive questions in world politics.