This module has been developed to give students a good theoretical and practical knowledge of Perfusion, Angiography, Diffusion, Quantitative MR, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Accelerated MRI for use in clinical Neuroimaging.
At the end of this module, students will be able to:
1. Perfusion and Angiography (PA)
1.01:                Define Perfusion and discuss its usefulness in Neuroimaging 
1.02:                Demonstrate familiarity with different haemodynamic parameters such a relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), mean transit time and summary parameters.  
1.03:                Explain Time of Flight effects, how Phase Contrast MRA works and the benefits of Contrast Enhanced MRA
1.04:                Explain the concepts of bolus tracking and arterial spin labeling MRI for measuring cerebral perfusion
1.05:                Describe the biophysical models used to enable CBF quantification from bolus tracking and arterial spin labeling MRI images
2. Diffusion & Structural Connectivity (DSC)
2.01:                Describe isotropic and anisotropic diffusion in the brain with reference to apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA). 
2.02:                Explain the b value and how the appearance of grey and white matter and pathological processes are influenced by the choice of b value.
2.03:                Describe and explain common artefacts on diffusion weighted images such as T2-shine through and T2-masking effects. 
2.04:                Outline the principles of diffusion tensor imaging and tractography.
3. Quantitative MR Methods (QMR)
3.01:                Describe the theory of Magnetisation Transfer (MT) imaging and MRI relaxometry. 
3.02:                List and describe relevant pulse sequences and analysis strategies. 
3.03:                List the technical challenges, likely benefits and safety concerns for high field MRI.
4. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)
4.01:                Outline the origins of the NMR spectrum, methods of spatial localization and quantitative spectrum analysis strategies.
4.02:                Outline methods of spatial localization and quantitative spectrum analysis strategies. 
4.03:                Describe the main characteristics of spectra from the proton and other NMR visible species and the changes caused by disease.
5. Accelerated MRI (AMRI)
5.01:                Explain the process of Accelerated MRI and list its benefits and disadvantages.