The course covers the dynamics of volcanic processes from theoretical and observational volcanology, and includes study of: effusions of lava flows and domes;...

Physical Volcanology and Volcanic Hazard (GEOL0041)

The course covers the dynamics of volcanic processes from theoretical and observational volcanology, and includes study of: effusions of lava flows and domes; explosive eruptions: phreatic, strombolian, hawaiian, vulcanian and plinian; magma rheology and dynamics; fracturing of volcanoes; eruption forecasting; hazard evaluation and mitigation.

By the end of this module students will have a knowledge and understanding of:

effusive eruptive mechanisms;
	explosive eruptive mechanisms;
	eruption precursors and eruption forecasting;
	volcanic hazard evaluation and mitigation.

Health economics|economic evaluation|estimating cost|health financing

This module will provide you with an overview of the discipline of health economics, in-depth knowledge of economic evaluation and how the different methods...

Economic Evaluation and Health Financing (GBSH0011)

This module will provide you with an overview of the discipline of health economics, in-depth knowledge of economic evaluation and how the different methods are operationalised, and an ability to critically appraise economic evidence, and a broad understanding of the different healthcare financing systems globally.  These are all topics that are essential for effective healthcare management.

You will be introduced to a number of topics that will then be coupled with discussion questions that you will engage with to enhance your understanding and knowledge.  

Module Content:
1.    Introduction to the economics of health and health care (what it is, what makes it unique, important concepts)
2.    Introduction to economic evaluation (historical, need for it, comparative analysis, incremental approach, ICER)
3.    Types of economic evaluation (CMA, CEA, CUA, CBA, CCA, plus RoI and Budget impact, merits of each, and audience)
4.    Estimating Costs (identifying, measuring, valuing; sources; discounting, inflation, international prices)
5.    Outcomes (clinical, QALYs, monetary benefits; identifying, measuring, valuing; sources; DALYs)
6.    Applications of economic evaluations (clinical trials, decision analytic models, systematic review/meta analysis, checklists to appraise quality)
7.    New developments in economic evaluation (equity informed economic evaluation, use of RWE, rapid evaluation, beyond QALYs)
8.    Introduction to health financing (definitions, sources, types of systems, evaluation of effectiveness of health financing)
9.    Health insurance (theory, market failure, role of government, types of health insurance models: public/social, private, HMOs, PPOs)
10.  Priority Setting (rationing, evidence base, burden of illness, cost effectiveness thresholds, efficiency vs equity)